Is Marriage Good for Kids?

More evidence on how incarceration affects families. Not sure about this IV strategy, but putting that aside, Neumark and co-author find that some people may be better off by their parents being unmarried. Put this one down as "more counter-intuitive results from incarceration removing the worst from the population" category.

Is Marriage Always Good for Children? Evidence from Families Affected by Incarceration"


NBER Working Paper No. W13928
KEITH FINLAY, Tulane University - Department of Economics
Email: kfinlay@gmail.com
DAVID NEUMARK, University of California, Irvine - Department of Economics, Public Policy Institute of California, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA)
Email: dneumark@uci.edu


One-third of children in the United States are born to unmarried parents. A substantial number of black and Hispanic children live with a never-married mother. Children of never-married mothers are more likely to drop out of high school, repeat grades, and have behavioral problems than are children raised in more traditional family structures. But these relationships may be driven by other factors that affect marital status at birth, post-conception marriage decisions, and later child outcomes, rather than causal effects of family structure. Given that changes in the availability of men in the marriage market should affect marriage decisions, we use incarceration rates for men as an instrumental variable for family structure in estimating the effect of never-married motherhood on the likelihood that children drop out of high school, focusing on blacks and Hispanics. Instrumental variables estimates suggest that unobserved factors rather than a causal effect drive the negative relationship between never-married motherhood and child outcomes for blacks and Hispanics, at least for the children of women whose marriage decisions are most affected by variation in incarceration rates for men. For Hispanics, in particular, we find evidence that these children may actually be better off living with a never-married mother.